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Silene latifolia
white campion
Synonyms: Silene alba, Melandrium album
Accumulation profile
- Substrate
- Tl/Zn/Pb mineralised (metallicolous) soils
- Habitat
- Mine and mineralised sites
- Distribution
- Italy, North Macedonia (Allchar)
- First reported
- 2025 · Jakovljević et al.
- Verification
- primary-measured
Description & ecology
Promoted and corrected 2026-08-09: the measurement primary is the Allchar biogeochemical survey (Jakovljević et al. 2025, Plant and Soil 513:1317–1331, read at source): 'highest Tl concentrations were found in the leaves of S. latifolia, up to 79,200 µg g⁻¹' — field material, Crven Dol, Allchar. The previously stored 80,000 was the authors' informal rounding. This is the highest thallium concentration reported in any plant's above-ground tissue (~7.9% DW).
Method note (mandatory): the 2025 survey quantified plant Tl by monochromatic laboratory XRF (JP500, NIST SRM-calibrated), not acid digestion; a digestion-confirmed replicate does not yet exist. Partial cross-method support: the same survey's XRF read Viola arsenica at 31,600 µg/g, inside the digestion-established 2023 envelope (mean 23,900 / max 58,900).
Regini et al. (2025) is a hydroponic physiology study: its own dosed maximum was ~15,000 µg/g foliar Tl (never comparable to field maxima); it cites the 79,200 field value. Facultative: only metallicolous populations hyperaccumulate.
References
- Jakovljević, K., Bačeva Andonovska, K., Salinitro, M., Mišljenović, T., & van der Ent, A. (2025). Biogeochemical survey of the Allchar (North Macedonia) arsenic-thallium ore body: a focus on hyperaccumulator plants. Plant and Soil, 513, 1317-1331. doi:10.1007/s11104-025-07252-6
- Regini, G., Bettarini, I., Colzi, I., Corti, E., Papini, A., Dainelli, M., Guardigli, G., van der Ent, A., Bazihizina, N., & Gonnelli, C. (2025). Physiological effect of thallium in the facultative hyperaccumulator Silene latifolia. Physiologia Plantarum, 177, e70469. doi:10.1111/ppl.70469
- Jakovljević, K., Salinitro, M., Bačeva Andonovska, K., Mišljenović, T., Brueckner, D., & van der Ent, A. (2025). Surviving Allchar: arsenic and thallium tolerance and distribution in Viola metallophytes. Annals of Botany, 136, 1515–1524. doi:10.1093/aob/mcaf166